Can Wellbutrin Cause Anxiety?

Wellbutrin (bupropion) is a common prescription medication used to treat a range of mental health conditions — like depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and suicidal thoughts — and can be used as a smoking cessation aid. Known for its unique mechanism of action as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), its potential side effect profile stands apart from other common antidepressants, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). While common side effects of Wellbutrin might include seizure risk, insomnia, and headaches (as with many medications), it generally does not cause sexual side effects, unlike many other antidepressants.

However, while Wellbutrin can be effective for many, some individuals report experiencing increased anxiety as a common side effect. This raises an important question: Can Wellbutrin cause anxiety, and if so, why does this happen? We dig into this question — and how to manage anxiety symptoms — below. 

Can Wellbutrin cause anxiety?

While Wellbutrin can be highly effective as an antidepressant, it can cause anxiety in some individuals due to its stimulating effects, resulting from an increase in norepinephrine and dopamine. These neurotransmitters can boost energy and focus but may also lead to heightened agitation, restlessness, anxiety, and changes in blood pressure, particularly in those predisposed to these conditions. For people with a history of an anxiety disorder, Wellbutrin’s stimulating effects may heighten their symptoms or trigger new feelings of nervousness. However, the degree to which anxiety manifests can vary depending on factors such as dosage, individual sensitivity, and concurrent use of other medications.

Risk factors for developing anxiety on Wellbutrin

While Wellbutrin is an effective medication for treating depression symptoms, it may cause anxiety as a side effect in some individuals, as mentioned. Certain factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing increased anxiety, making it important for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of these risks when considering or managing treatment with Wellbutrin. Below, we outline some of the most common risk factors that may predispose people to anxiety when taking Wellbutrin.

• Pre-existing anxiety disorder or panic disorders
• Dosing of Wellbutrin (anxiety can be common at higher doses of the medication or with immediate-release formulations)
• Concomitant use of stimulants or anxiety-inducing substances like caffeine, stimulant medications, or other stimulating substances
• Individual sensitivity to neurotransmitter changes
• Personal or family history of mood disorders

Managing anxiety while taking Wellbutrin

If you experience anxiety with Wellbutrin use, there are several strategies that can help manage the symptoms without discontinuing the medication. Working closely with your healthcare provider is essential, as they can adjust your dosage or recommend complementary treatments to alleviate anxiety. When you consult with your doctor, they can discuss symptoms with you and consider a dosage adjustment. They may also suggest adding another medication to treatment for anxiety management. 

In addition to medication management, therapy, and lifestyle changes can play a crucial role in helping individuals manage anxiety, including anxiety that may arise as a side effect of medications like Wellbutrin. Therapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals identify and change thought patterns that contribute to anxiety while also equipping them with practical coping strategies. Mindfulness-based approaches, such as meditation and relaxation techniques, can further reduce anxiety symptoms by promoting a sense of calm and awareness. Lifestyle changes, such as regular physical exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, and ensuring adequate sleep, are also essential in managing anxiety, as they contribute to overall physical and mental well-being. By incorporating these therapeutic and lifestyle interventions, individuals can better navigate anxiety and mitigate its impact on daily life, even when it is related to the adverse effects of medication.

Alternatives to Wellbutrin for anxiety-prone patients

As mentioned, Wellbutrin is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, but it is sometimes prescribed off-label for conditions like ADHD, generalized anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder. For people with any of these conditions who are prone to anxiety or find that Wellbutrin worsens their symptoms, there are several alternative medications and treatment options to consider. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Prozac or Zoloft, are commonly prescribed for depression, panic attacks, and anxiety. SNRIs, like Effexor or Cymbalta also address depressive and anxious symptoms. 

Also, for those who prefer non-medication approaches, psychotherapy, particularly CBT, can be effective as a standalone or complementary treatment. Other holistic methods, such as regular exercise, meditation, or acupuncture, may also help manage anxiety without the need for medication.

How Charlie Health can help

If increased anxiety or depressive symptoms are affecting your mental health, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides mental health treatment for people dealing with serious mental health conditions, including generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder (or another mood disorder), and more. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic online therapy, managing your mental health is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.