ADHD and Eating Disorders: What’s the Connection?

ADHD and eating disorders often overlap. Early diagnosis and tailored therapy can help support long-term recovery.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders might seem unrelated at first glance, but research shows they frequently co-occur. From impulsivity and emotional dysregulation to challenges with body image and appetite cues, ADHD can increase the risk of developing disordered eating patterns. Understanding the connection between these two conditions is key to getting the right support and breaking the cycle of shame, restriction, and overwhelm. Read on to learn more about the connection between these conditions.

ADHD and eating disorders 101

Here’s an overview of both conditions:

What are eating disorders?

Eating disorders are a set of complex psychiatric disorders that involve disordered eating behaviors, distressing thoughts about food and body image, and significant emotional and physical health consequences. Common diagnoses include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Eating disorders often co-occur with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and even ADHD—something we will explore here.

These disorders are not solely about food—they are deeply tied to emotions, self-esteem, and control. Many individuals struggling with an eating disorder also experience difficulty regulating emotions or managing stress, which can exacerbate disordered eating behaviors over time.

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It often begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood. People with ADHD may struggle with organization, time management, task management, emotional regulation, and executive function—a key set of skills to help plan, manage, and organize daily responsibilities.

Why are ADHD and eating disorders linked?

As mentioned, research has shown a clear link between ADHD and disordered eating, particularly in individuals with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. The connection lies largely in traits like impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, and reward sensitivity. People with ADHD may use food for stimulation, comfort, or to self-soothe when overwhelmed—behaviors that can spiral into disordered eating patterns. However, the connection remains somewhat misunderstood, warranting more research.

ADHD symptoms that contribute to disordered eating

Certain ADHD symptoms directly increase the risk of disordered eating:

• Impulsivity: Leads to binge eating, compulsive snacking, or grazing
• Inattention: Causes skipped meals, forgetfulness around eating
• Emotional dysregulation: Triggers emotional eating in response to stress, anxiety, or boredom
• Executive dysfunction: Makes planning and preparing meals difficult, resulting in irregular or unhealthy eating habits

These behaviors can significantly affect body weight, food intake, and self-esteem, contributing to the development or worsening of an eating disorder.

Do stimulant medications affect eating disorders?

Stimulant medications, often prescribed for ADHD, can have a dual effect. On one hand, medications like Adderall or Vyvanse can suppress appetite, which may worsen or mask symptoms of anorexia. On the other, Vyvanse is FDA-approved to treat binge eating disorder in adults, helping reduce compulsive eating through improved impulse control.

Proper medication management is key—particularly in individuals with co-occurring conditions. A collaborative approach between an ADHD specialist and an eating disorder therapist can help ensure medications support rather than hinder recovery.

What treatment approaches work for ADHD and eating disorders?

An integrated treatment plan is crucial for managing both ADHD and eating disorders. Effective approaches include:

Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps challenge distorted thinking patterns and build structured routines. Also, EMDR therapy is useful for clients with trauma histories contributing to disordered eating or emotional dysregulation. For those who can’t access these resources in person, online therapy offers accessible support for those struggling to maintain weekly therapy sessions or needing more flexibility.

Integrated care

Nutrition counseling, which entails working with a dietitian to build consistent, manageable eating habits. Also, medication management tailored ADHD medication plans that consider potential effects on appetite and mood. These tools can form the foundation of a comprehensive therapy journey, particularly for individuals with a complex mental health profile.

Why accurate diagnosis matters

Accurate diagnosis can make a meaningful difference in both ADHD symptom management and eating disorder recovery. Identifying ADHD early allows providers to target treatment interventions, address co-occurring conditions, and avoid delays that could worsen disordered eating behaviors.

Understanding one’s genetic risk factors, personality traits, and underlying psychiatric disorders can help reframe recovery as a holistic, individualized process.

When to seek help for ADHD or an eating disorder

It’s time to reach out to a professional if you notice:

• Episodes of binge eating, food restriction, or compulsive eating
• Unexplained weight changes or obsession with body weight
• Difficulty managing ADHD symptoms that disrupt daily life
• Emotional eating triggered by stress, boredom, or emotional pain
• Co-occurring mood, anxiety, or personality disorder symptoms

Support may include substance use disorder screening, therapy, or psychiatric evaluation, depending on the severity and overlap of symptoms.

How Charlie Health can help

If you or a loved one is struggling with your mental health and could use more than once-weekly support, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides behavioral health treatment for people dealing with serious mental health conditions. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic online treatment, managing your mental health is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.