Are Eating Disorders Genetic?

Eating disorders have a genetic component, but recovery is possible through early therapy, support, and targeted treatment.

Eating disorders are a set of serious psychiatric conditions that involve disordered eating habits, intense concerns about body weight and shape, and emotional distress tied to food and self-image. Common types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. These illnesses can co-occur with other mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or a personality disorder, making early intervention and proper diagnosis critical.

Genetics can increase your risk of developing an eating disorder, but they are just one part of a complex picture.

Research on genetics and eating disorders

As mentioned, eating disorders can have a genetic component. Some research suggests that a person is up to 11 times more likely to develop an eating disorder if they have a relative with the condition. Also, some twin studies estimate that 50% to 60% of the risk for eating disorders is due to genetics. And, research on this subject is ongoing: The Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI) is a major international study looking at how genetics and the environment influence anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. However, genetics alone do not determine outcomes—environment, upbringing, trauma, and personality traits also play a role.

Genetics vs. environment: what matters more?

The interaction between genes and environment is key. No single factor causes an eating disorder—rather, it’s the interplay of many variables.

Genetic influence of eating disorders

Genes can affect how a person’s brain regulates food intake, satiety, mood, and compulsive behavior. These genetically inherited traits—combined with neurochemical imbalances—can contribute to the development of eating disorders.

What genes are linked to eating disorders?

No single  gene “causes” an eating disorder. Certain genes may affect how the body processes nutrients or responds to hunger cues influencing both body weight and food-related behavior. Also, some genes that are known to be associated with other conditions like bipolar disorder, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are correlated with the onset of eating disorders. As mentioned, it’s important to view eating disorders within a nuanced and interdisciplinary framework, taking into consideration different kinds of risk factors.

Environmental factors linked to eating disorders

Social pressures, cultural standards of beauty, trauma, family dynamics, and early exposure to dieting can all increase vulnerability. Lack of healthcare access, or exposure to negative messaging around body weight, may further compound genetic susceptibility.

How does family history affect risk of eating disorders?

A family history of eating disorders, mood disorders, or a personality disorder increases the likelihood of developing an eating disorder. This risk may stem from a combination of inherited genetic risk factors and learned behaviors around food and body image.

However, a genetic predisposition does not guarantee illness. Many people with a family history never develop an eating disorder — especially when protective factors are  in place — such as emotional support, access to coping skills, resiliency, positive self-image/self-esteem and many more.

Can you prevent eating disorders if you’re genetically at risk?

Yes. If you’re aware of a genetic predisposition, it’s possible to take proactive steps to reduce risk. These include fostering a positive relationship with food, building self-esteem, and practicing emotional regulation skills. Weekly therapy sessions, particularly approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, can be extremely helpful in preventing or interrupting disordered patterns.

Therapy is especially important for those with a history of trauma, anxiety, or depression, all of which are risk factors. Early intervention can reduce symptom severity and protect against the development of disordered eating behaviors.

If you or someone you love is showing signs of an eating disorder—such as restrictive eating, obsessive thoughts about body weight, bingeing, purging, or body dysmorphia—it’s time to seek help. The earlier you intervene, the greater the chance of long-term eating disorder recovery.

Recovery isn’t linear, but consistent therapy sessions with a trauma-informed therapist can make all the difference.

How are eating disorders treated?

Treatment for eating disorders is individualized and may include psychotherapy, medical support, and nutrition counseling. Because eating disorders often occur alongside other conditions—like bipolar disorder or a personality disorder—treatment must address the whole person. Also, it’s important to find a provider who specializes in eating disorder treatment to ensure the care you receive is evidence-based and tailored to your recovery.

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments and helps patients reframe disordered thinking.
• EMDR therapy is useful in addressing trauma that contributes to the development of disordered eating.
• Online therapy offers flexible access to care, allowing individuals to receive support via weekly therapy sessions, bi weekly sessions, or even monthly sessions depending on need.
• Nutrition coaching plays a key role in eating disorder recovery by helping individuals rebuild a healthy relationship with food.

In all cases, treatment aims to support physical stabilization, reduce psychological distress, and help individuals develop long-term recovery strategies.

How Charlie Health can help

If you or a loved one is struggling with your mental health or an eating disorder and could use more than once-weekly support, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides behavioral health treatment for people dealing with serious mental health conditions. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic online treatment, managing your mental health is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.