What Are the Different Types of Narcissism?

Learn about the main types of narcissism, how they show up in everyday life, and when you or a loved one should seek support for this condition.

Narcissism isn’t a single, uniform trait — it shows up in different ways and at varying levels of intensity. At one end of the spectrum, a degree of healthy narcissism can foster confidence and resilience. At the other, when traits become rigid and harmful, they may indicate narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), a clinically recognized condition.

Recognizing the different types of narcissism — such as overt and covert, or somatic and cerebral — can help us distinguish between adaptive self-regard and destructive patterns. This understanding not only clarifies how narcissism operates but also offers tools for setting boundaries and navigating relationships more effectively, whether at home or in professional settings. Read on to learn more about the main types of narcissism, how they show up in everyday life, and when you or a loved one should seek support for this condition.

Narcissistic personality disorder and its variations

NPD is categorized under mental disorders in the DSM-5. People with NPD often exhibit grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. However, narcissistic tendencies don’t always look the same. Some narcissists are loud and dominating, while others are quiet and insecure. Below are the main types:

1. Overt narcissism (grandiose narcissist)

An overt narcissist—also called a grandiose narcissist—is the most recognizable type. They are outgoing, assertive, and often arrogant. These individuals openly seek attention and validation, frequently bragging about achievements. Overt narcissists may dominate conversations, dismiss other people’s feelings, and display controlling or manipulative behaviors.

2. Covert narcissism (vulnerable narcissist)

In contrast, covert narcissism (or vulnerable narcissism) is more subtle. A vulnerable narcissist may appear shy, sensitive, or insecure, but underneath they share the same self-centered worldview as overt narcissists. They may feel victimized when they do not receive recognition, using passive-aggressive tactics to elicit sympathy or validation.

3. Antagonistic narcissism

Antagonistic narcissism emphasizes competitiveness and hostility. This type thrives on power struggles and may interpret others as rivals. They often display jealousy, devalue others, and create conflict as a way to maintain superiority.

4. Communal narcissism

A communal narcissist wants to be seen as the most caring or selfless person. They seek admiration not through status or power, but by appearing moral, charitable, or community-driven. While their actions may seem altruistic, they are often motivated by the need for recognition.

5. Somatic narcissism

Somatic narcissists place excessive value on things like physical appearance, sexuality, and body image. They seek admiration through attractiveness, fitness, or material possessions. Their relationships often revolve around validation of their looks and desirability.

6. Cerebral narcissism

The opposite of somatic narcissists, cerebral narcissists derive their sense of superiority from intelligence, knowledge, and accomplishments of the mind. They may look down on others as less intelligent and can be dismissive of emotional or social intelligence.

7. Sexual narcissism

A sexual narcissist uses intimacy and sexuality as a tool for validation and control. They may view partners as objects of gratification, focusing on their own pleasure while disregarding emotional connection. This type of narcissism is closely linked to narcissistic abuse in relationships.

Adaptive vs. maladaptive narcissism

Not all narcissism is destructive. Healthy narcissism (sometimes referred to as adaptive narcissism) can help build confidence, resilience, and leadership skills. On the other hand, maladaptive narcissism is harmful, involving manipulation, exploitation, and lack of empathy, often leading to damaged relationships and emotional harm.

Narcissistic abuse and co-occurring disorders

Those who live with or encounter a narcissist may experience narcissistic abuse, ranging from emotional manipulation to controlling behaviors. NPD often overlaps with other mental disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, making relationships more complicated. Recognizing the different expressions of narcissistic tendencies is essential for identifying harmful dynamics and seeking help when needed.

How Charlie Health can help

If you or a loved one is struggling with your mental health and could use more  support, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides behavioral health treatment for people dealing with serious mental health conditions. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic online treatment, managing your mental health is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.