Understanding Cannabis Use Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a condition characterized by problematic use of cannabis that leads to significant impairment or distress in daily functioning. Learn how to cope here.

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Characterized by a pattern of problematic use that leads to notable impairment or distress, cannabis use disorder (CUD) affects a substantial portion of the population. Research indicates that approximately 9% of individuals who use marijuana may develop a cannabis dependence, with the risk being higher among those who begin using at a young age or engage in daily use. Recreational marijuana use can lead to significant challenges, and understanding the nuances of marijuana addiction is crucial for effective treatment. Below, we will explore CUD, including its symptoms, treatment options, and the withdrawal process.

What is cannabis use disorder, and how is it diagnosed?

As mentioned, CUD is a condition defined by the problematic use of cannabis, resulting in significant impairment or distress. It is classified under substance use disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). CUD can vary in severity from mild to severe, depending on the number and intensity of symptoms present. Diagnosis is made by a healthcare professional through a thorough evaluation of an individual’s marijuana use patterns and their impact on daily life.

Symptoms of cannabis use disorder

CUD is characterized by a range of symptoms that reflect problematic marijuana use. These symptoms can affect various aspects of a person’s life and health:

• Using more cannabis than intended
• Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or stop using cannabis
• Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from cannabis
• Craving cannabis
• Failure to fulfill significant obligations
• Continued use despite social or interpersonal problems
• Giving up important activities
• Using cannabis in physically hazardous situations
• Continued use despite physical or psychological problems
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal

These symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency, with more symptoms indicating a more severe form of CUD. Specifically, the presence of five symptoms is considered “mild” CUD, 6 to 7 symptoms is “moderate” CUD, and more than eight symptoms is considered “severe” CUD.

Cannabis withdrawal symptoms

When someone reduces or stops using cannabis after regular use, they may experience withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, but they commonly include:

• Irritability
• Anxiety
• Depressed mood
• Insomnia
• Decreased appetite
• Physical discomfort
• Cravings
• Restlessness 

These symptoms generally begin within a week after reducing or stopping cannabis use and can last from a few days to several weeks. The severity of withdrawal can vary based on factors such as the frequency and amount of cannabis used. Seeking professional help can provide support and strategies to manage withdrawal symptoms effectively and improve the chances of a successful recovery.

Cannabis use and mental health disorders

Cannabis use has complex interactions with mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Research indicates that cannabis may provide temporary relief from symptoms of anxiety and depression for some people. However, the effects can be double-edged. While short-term use might seem beneficial, regular use or high doses can lead to worsening symptoms or the development of new mental health issues. This dichotomy is influenced by factors including the person’s mental health history, the frequency of cannabis use, and the presence of other substance use disorders.

Does cannabis cause mental illness?

Cannabis use has been associated with an increased risk of developing or exacerbating mental health disorders. Chronic or heavy use is linked to a higher risk of developing conditions such as depression and anxiety. The psychoactive effects of cannabis, especially with high THC content, may contribute to these risks by affecting mood regulation and cognitive function. Additionally, cannabis use may interfere with the effectiveness of treatments for existing mental health conditions, complicating the management of these disorders. This is particularly relevant in the context of marijuana addiction and the broader category of substance use disorder.

Cannabis and serious mental health disorders 

In addition to cannabis as a risk factor for conditions like depression and anxiety, consistent use can be linked to more severe trauma- and mood-related conditions as follows:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Research shows mixed results regarding medical marijuana use and PTSD. Some studies suggest that medical use of cannabis may help manage PTSD symptoms like nightmares and anxiety. However, other research indicates that medical use of cannabis can potentially exacerbate symptoms or impede recovery by affecting cognitive and emotional processes crucial for PTSD treatment.

Schizophrenia

Cannabis use is a notable risk factor for a psychotic disorder like schizophrenia, particularly among individuals with a predisposition to the disorder. Studies suggest that early and frequent cannabis use can increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia or trigger its onset in vulnerable individuals. The relationship is complex and involves interactions between cannabis, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors.

Treatment options for cannabis addiction

The good news is CUD is treatable. Various strategies are available to help manage cannabis addiction, combining therapy and relapse prevention techniques to support recovery and improve quality of life.

Therapy modalities

Behavioral health therapies focus on changing the patterns and thoughts related to cannabis use. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals recognize and adjust unhealthy behaviors and thoughts about cannabis. Contingency management offers rewards for positive behavior, such as abstaining from marijuana. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) aims to boost motivation by exploring personal reasons for change and building confidence.

Types of therapies

Counseling provides personal and group support. Individual therapy offers one-on-one sessions to address specific issues and develop coping strategies. Supported groups involve sharing experiences and strategies with others in similar situations. Family therapy engages family members to improve relationships and support recovery. Support groups, including 12-step programs like Marijuana Anonymous, offer community and accountability.

Dual diagnosis treatment

For individuals with both CUD and other mental health conditions, treatment should address both issues simultaneously. This integrated approach to addiction treatment helps manage the complexities of co-occurring disorders and improves overall recovery outcomes.

Relapse prevention

Effective relapse prevention involves creating a plan to manage potential relapses. Key strategies include identifying triggers and warning signs, developing coping mechanisms, and seeking support when needed. This proactive approach helps people stay on track and maintain progress in their recovery journey.

What role do medications play in treating cannabis addiction?

Medications play a limited but evolving role in treating CUD. Currently, there are no specific medications approved solely for cannabis addiction. However, medications may be used to address related symptoms or co-occurring conditions. For instance, while no drugs are approved explicitly for managing cannabis withdrawal, some medications might be used to help with symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, or irritability. Additionally, medications can be prescribed to treat co-occurring conditions that often accompany CUD, such as depression or anxiety. Although these medications support treatment, they are typically used alongside behavioral health therapies and counseling for a comprehensive approach to recovery.

How Charlie Health can help with cannabis use disorder

If you or a loved one are struggling with cannabis use disorder (CUD) or another substance use disorder (SUD), Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides more than once-weekly mental health treatment for dealing with serious mental health conditions, including CUD and other SUDs like alcohol use disorder (AUD) and more. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With treatment, managing CUD is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.